2013年8月号-　エイゴパス英会話レッスン　月刊ニュースレター

| 月間ニュースレター |
英語ニュース Current Internet NEWS!!　＜新着ネットニュース＞
英語のビデオ Video News (Domestic and World Events／国内＆世界の動画ニュース)
Business English ＜ビジネス英語フレーズ＞
Grammar Study＜今月の文法学習＞
TOEICクイズ TOEIC Study Quiz＜ＴＯＥＩＣテスト＞
Monthly Column – ＜今月のコラム＞
 
   
—You can read the article below and use it in your lessons to discuss with your teacher. — この記事を読んで先生とレッスンで話し合おう！
Japan News
 
Police probe cause of blast at fireworks show in Kyoto town
TOKYO — Police on Friday were investigating the cause of an explosion at a fireworks festival in Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Prefecture, which left at least 59 people injured including some with serious burns when it ripped through the crowded site.

Witnesses recounted seeing victims, including children, screaming as they rolled around on the ground to try to extinguish the flames,

while the thousands who had gathered for the Thursday night festival fled in panic. The explosion is believed to have erupted at one of hundreds of concession stands lining a nearby riverbank at the festival, which is held annually outside the ancient capital of Kyoto and attracts upwards of 100,000 people.

Video footage showed the stalls, which had been selling drinks and snacks, going up in flames and sending smoke into the night sky, before a larger blast erupted.

Early accounts said the incident was believed to have been caused by a gas cylinder, but Jiji Press news agency said police suspect the fire may have started when a vendor added gasoline to a running power generator.

 
 

京都の花火大会爆破事件の原因を警察捜査

警察が京都府福知山市の花火大会会場の屋台が爆発事故の原因を調査したところ、重症な火傷被害者も含め最低でも59人の重軽傷者が出ている。

事故の目撃者は、被害者の中には子供たちの姿もあり叫びながら炎を消そうと地面を這いずり回っていたと証言した。　木曜の夜の人混みに溢れた会場がパニック状況に陥った。 花火大会は例年京都の古都で開催されるお祭りで、川岸にたち並ぶ何百件もの売り場の1箇所で爆発は起き、10万人以上もの見物客らを襲撃したと推定された。

監視カメラは大爆発の前、飲み物や食べ物を売っている屋台が炎を上げ夜空に煙を立ち上がらせた模様を捕らえていた。　

当初、事故はガスボンベが原因と考えられていたが、報道局では屋台の店主が発電機を作動させたままガソリンを投入し、引火した疑いのあると京都府警が発表したことが分かった。
were investigating 調査していた　（調査する）
explosion 爆発
a fireworks festival 花火大会
serious burns 重症なやけど
Witnesses 目撃者
victims 被害者
rolled around 這いずり回った
try to　extinguish the flames 炎を消そうと（試みた）
concession stands 売り場
riverbank 川岸、川べり、河川堤防
ancient capital 古都
Video footage 監視カメラ
stalls 屋台
incident 事件、事故
a gas cylinder ガスボンベ
suspect 疑う、疑い
a vendor 店主
generator. 発電機
 
 
Japan News:

Professional judges at the Tokyo District Court have agreed to give further consideration to the psychological burden on lay judges when showing them the photos of crime victims’ bodies and other evidence that could cause them mental stress.

Specifically, judges will carefully study whether to replace the photos of corpses with illustrations among other matters.

If it is truly necessary to show citizen judges the photos of the bodies of victims, professional judges will explain that to all lay-judge candidates before appointments. Judges will allow candidates to refrain from serving as lay judges if they feel anxiety about seeing such photos.

The Supreme Court has informed district courts across the country of the Tokyo court’s agreement and encouraged judges to consider the idea.

If selected to serve as lay judges, members of the public will be required to observe their duty of confidentiality. However, they should not be required to perform their duty at the sacrifice of their mental health. Judges at district courts across the nation should pay closer attention to the mental conditions of those who serve as citizen judges.

In March this year, a woman who served as a citizen judge in the trial of a robbery–murder case at the Koriyama branch of the Fukushima District Court was diagnosed with acute stress disorder after being shown the brutal photos of the victim’s body. She has since filed a lawsuit demanding state redress.

Following this case, attention has been focused on how to provide mental care to lay judges, prompting judicial authorities to consider countermeasures.
 

　裁判員裁判で、遺体などの写真を証拠として提示する際、裁判員の精神的負担に一層配慮することを東京地裁の裁判官が申し合わせた。

　公判前整理手続きの段階で、遺体写真をイラストなどに代替できないか十分に検討する。もし遺体写真を見てもらうことが必要ならば、選任段階で裁判員候補者に説明する。その段階で不安を訴える人がいれば、辞退も柔軟に認める方向だ。

　最高裁はこの東京地裁の申し合わせの内容を全国の地裁に伝え、参考にするよう促した。

　裁判員に選任されれば、公正に職務を遂行する義務を国民は負う。だが、精神的に大きなダメージを受けてまで職務を続ける必要はない。全国の裁判官は、これまで以上に裁判員の心情に目配りしてほしい。

　裁判員の精神的負担を巡っては、３月に福島地裁郡山支部で強盗殺人事件の審理を担当した女性裁判員が、残虐な遺体写真を見せられ急性ストレス障害と診断された。女性は国家賠償を求め提訴した。

　この事案をきっかけに、裁判員の精神面ケアの必要性がクローズアップされ、対応が協議されていた。
further consideration 一層／（更に）配慮（する）　
psychological burden 精神的負担
crime victims’ bodies 犯罪被害者の体
evidence 証拠
mental stress 精神的なストレス
corpses 遺体
citizen judges 市民裁判員
professional judges プロの／本物の裁判員
The Supreme Court 最高裁判所
district courts 地方裁判所
the sacrifice of their mental health 精神的に大きなダメージ（犠牲）
the trial of a robbery–murder case. 強盗殺人事件の審理
diagnosed with 診断
acute stress disorder 急性ストレス障害
redress è³ å„Ÿ
countermeasures. 対応
   
 
 
   
  New! Learning through News Videos
 
 
 
Business English Expression and Phrases　＜ビジネス英会話フレーズ＞
-Learn expressions such as idioms and slang that is unique to culture, age, and business!
新しい英語表現：　文化・時代・ビジネスで使う特有なイディオム表現や俗語を覚えよう！
Useful Expressions used in — Arranging A Meeting —
I’d like to suggest that we hold a meeting
  Ex: I’d like to suggest that we hold a meeting. If I may, I’d like to find out more about what you think.
 
I think a meeting is in order.
  Ex: I think a meeting is in order so it’ll be possible to hear what everyone has to say.
   
I think we need to hold a meeting
  Ex: I think we need to hold a meeting to get everyone on the same page.
   
We’re not going to get anywhere without holding a video conference.
  Ex: We’re not going to get anywhere without holding a video conference. We need everyone in the same room to get all the opinions.
   
Why don’t we talk about it…?
  Ex: Why don’t we talk about this over coffee? I would like to get your input.
   
Do you have any suggestions….?
  Ex: Do you have any suggestions about who shouild be at the meeting? It’s probably not wise to invite everyone.
   
I think we need an outside advisor.
  Ex: I think we need an outside advisor. The right person could really help move things ahead.
   
Could you make all the arrangements?
  Ex: Could you make all the arrangements? I want everything to be prepared.
   
If you’d like me to, I can go ahead and book a meeting room.
  Ex: If you’d like me to, I can go ahead and book a meeting room. If we decide we don’t need it, we can cancel it later.
   
I’m just calling to….
  Ex: I’m just caｌｌing to remind you about the meeting on August 16. Do you think you’ll be able to make it?
 
上記の会話の日本語訳はこちらをクリック’（印刷可）: JAPANESE VERSION
"Take care vs Pay attention" 今回はTake Care と Pay Attention の使い方を解説します。
 
 

 
–This section will cover a broad range of different grammar rules and explanations to help you understand sentence structure and improve awareness of English grammar.
このコーナーでは文法の規則や英文の構成についてわかりやすく学べます。
Learning to use: Although – Though – In spite of – Despite – Because
Read some of the sentences below and try to understand in which situations they are used correctly or incorrectly.
Examples of how "although" and "despite" are different:
 
Ex:â‘ 
Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our vacation.
 
Despite it rained a lot, we enjoyed our vacation.
Ex:â‘¡
英会話ポイント
Despite the torrential rain, the marathon went on as scheduled.
 
英語ポイント
Although the torrential rain, the marathon went on as scheduled.
Ex:â‘¢
英会話ポイント
I didn’t get the job (in spite of/despite) being extremely qualified.
 
英語ポイント
I didn’t get the job although being extremely qualified.
Note: Although is usually followed (subject + verb)
Note: Despite is usually followed by a "noun" expression or phrase
 
Examples of how although and though are not the same:
 
Ex:â‘ 
The house isn’t very nice. I like the garden though.
 
The house isn’t very nice. I like the garden although.
Ex:â‘¡
英会話ポイント
I see them everyday. I’ve never spoken to them though.
 
英語ポイント
 I see them everyday. I’ve never spoken to them although.
Note: Although and though can be used in many of the same situations when used in the beginning or end of a sentence. However, when it is used at the very end of a sentence, "though" is more commonly used like menteoned above.

 
Examples of how although/eventhough is different from because
Ex:â‘ 
I turned down the job because the salary was too low.
I turned down the job although the salary was too low.
Ex:â‘¡
英会話ポイント
Because I came to the office early, I was able to finish my work on time.
英語ポイント
 Despite coming to the office early, I was able to finish my work on time.
 

Let’s learn how to use the above words!　＜練習問題＞
 


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TOEIC対策（読解＆リスニング問題編）Eメールとﾕｰｻﾞﾈｰﾑの入力でテストの結果がメールで受け取れます。
 
[kml_flashembed publishmethod=”static” fversion=”8.0.0″ movie=”https://www.members.eigopass.com/flashquiz/toeicsentence/Quiz 5/quiz.swf” width=”636″ height=”480″ targetclass=”flashmovie”] [/kml_flashembed]
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NEW! – Questions about Japanese culture from a Foreigners viewpoint.

Q － Why don’t the Japanese look the other person in the eye when speaking?

A –   Etiquette prescribes that fixing one’s eyes on the chest of the other when speaking leads to a better impression and instills in the other a desire to hear what one has to say.

An expression referring to a person who is older or of a higher rank than oneself is, meue no hito meaning a person who id above one’s eyes. For this reason, the Japanese considered it rude to meet the gaze of the other on equal terms.
For Westerners establishing eye contact when speaking is looked upon as positive, meaning ‘’I trust you’’ and it is also an appeal to the other meaning ‘’I’m speaking from the bottom of my heart. Please trust me.’’ Westerners may find the Japanese avoidance of eye contact to be baffling.

Parents and schools nowadays teach children the importance of establishing eye contact when speaking to convey intent. Many Japanese now, including those who are active in establishing themselves abroad, are able to speak confidently with Westerners and with other Japanese with eye contact.

Generally speaking, the expression, osoreirimasu ga —- meaning ‘’I am very sorry to –‘’ symbolizes the psychology of the Japanese in placing the other in a superior position to maintain a harmonious relationship. Although eye contact is established, the Japanese still tend to put the other person on a higher footing than themselves.
 

【日本語訳】　

Q – なぜ、話すときに相手の目を見ないのですか？

A –  日本では確かに、一般的な礼儀として、相手の胸元ぐらいを見て話すほうが、穏やか印象で、相手にこちらの話を聞こうとする気持ちにさせる、と言われてきました。
自分よりも年齢や身分が高い人を「目上の人」、つまり「自分の目の上にいる人」と表現するぐらいですから、対等に目を合わせることは失礼だとさえ思われていました。欧米では相手の目を見て話すことには、もっと積極的な意味があり、一つは「あなたを信用しています」という意思の表示、もう一つは「私は本心を話しています、信じてください」というアピールだそうですから、目を見つめて話さない日本人に、欧米人が面食らうのはよくわかります。

しかし今では日本でも、自分の意思を相手にきちんと伝えようとするときは、相手の目を見て話すようにと、親からも、学校でも教えられていますから、海外で生活する日本人も含めて、多くの日本人が、欧米人とでも、また日本人同士でも、目をそらさずに堂々と話をするようになっていると思います。

一般的に言えば、「恐れいりますが—」という言葉に象徴されるように、相手を優位に置いて関係の和を保とうする日本人の心理から、まだまだ、一歩引いた感じで相手の目を見ているところがあるのが現状でしょうか—–。

 
 
 

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